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The varying electromagnetic fields produced by thunderstorms and associated lightning discharges are examined. Calculated field variations produced by an assumed typical cloud to ground discharge model are found to agree well with observed fields. The magnitude of these vertical electric field changes are observed to decrease very slowly with distance from the source for values comparable to discharge channel heights. From 4 to 20 kilometers a 1/d3 relation is observed, and beyond 30 kilometers the field variations appear to follow a 1/d relation. The expected radiation field frequency spectra from 1 cycle per second to 100 kilocycles per second are calculated employing models assumed to be typical of long and short discharges. The radiation spectra obtained from 1 to 100 kilocycles per second for observed cloud to ground discharge field variations normalized to 1 kilometer are seen to agree within expected limits with calculated values. The models employed indicate that below 300 cycles per second long discharges produce much more energy than short discharges, and that inter- and intra-cloud discharges may produce as much energy as cloud to ground discharges. Anticipated variations of total vertical electric field frequency spectra as a function of distance, based on the work of Wait, are shown for the frequency range from 1 cycle per second to 100 kilocycles per second.
The Journal of Research of the National Bureau of Standards is a publication of the U.S. Government. The papers are in the public domain and are not subject to copyright in the United States. However, please pay special attention to the individual works to make sure there are no copyright restrictions indicated. Individual works may require securing other permissions from the original copyright holder.
ELF electric fields from thunderstorms
Watt, A.D.
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